UN Plastics Treaty Talks End Without Agreement

In March 2022, at the resumed fifth session of the UN Environment Assembly, a historic resolution was adopted to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment. 

As a result, the Executive Director of the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) convened an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) to develop "the instrument", which is to be based on a comprehensive approach that addresses the full life cycle of plastic, including its production, design, and disposal. 

From 25 November – 2nd December, over 3,300 delegates - including Members representing more than 170 nations and Observers from more than 440 organisations – met in Busan, Republic of Korea, for the fifth session of the INC (INC-5).  

INC-5 was intended to be the final round of talks, but concluded with agreement on a ‘Chair’s Text’, prepared by INC Chair Ambassador Luis Vaya’s Valdivieso of Ecuador, that will serve as the starting point for negotiations at a resumed session - with the date yet to be confirmed - in 2025. 

Negotiations stalled as countries failed to agree on limits on plastic production. Over 100 countries supported a treaty that would cap production, however a number of oil-producing countries opposed this, instead focusing on tackling plastic waste.  

Global demand for plastic is expected to double by mid-century if the current status quo remains. This presents a major problem as plastic pollution can alter habitats and natural processes, reducing ecosystems’ ability to adapt to climate change, directly affecting millions of people’s livelihoods, food production capabilities and social well-being.   

“The world’s commitment to ending plastic pollution is clear and undeniable. Here in Busan, talks have moved us closer to agreeing on a global legally binding treaty that will protect our health, our environment, and our future from the onslaught of plastic pollution,” said Inger Andersen, Executive Director of UNEP.  

“This week’s meeting has made good progress towards securing the deal the world demands. Through the Busan talks, negotiators have reached a greater degree of convergence on the structure and elements of the treaty text, as well as a better understanding of country positions and shared challenges. But it is clear there is persisting divergence in critical areas and more time is needed for these areas to be addressed." 

“At UNEA 5.2, the world promised to tackle plastic pollution. Now, at the next round of talks, the world will have the opportunity to finally make that a reality. An opportunity we cannot afford to miss,” she added.